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title: 'CIVMR: Constrained Instrumental Variables in Mendelian Randomization with
  Pleiotropy'
version: 0.0.1
doi: 10.32614/CRAN.package.CIVMR
abstract: In Mendelian randomization (MR), genetic variants are used to construct
  instrumental variables that then enable inference about the causal relationship
  between a phenotype of interest and a response or disease outcome. However, valid
  MR inference requires several assumptions, including the assumption that the genetic
  variants only influence the response through the phenotype of interest.Pleiotropy
  occurs when a genetic variant has an effect on more than one different phenotypes,
  and therefore a pleiotropic genetic variant may be an invalid instrumental variable.Hence,
  a naive method for constructing an instrumental variables may lead to biased estimation
  of the association between the phenotype and the response. Here, we encode a new
  and intuitive method (Constrained Instrumental Variable method [CIV]) to construct
  valid instrumental variables and perform adjusted causal effect estimation when
  pleiotropic exists, focusing particularly on the situation where pleiotropic phenotypes
  have been measured. Our approach is theoretically guaranteed to perform an automatic
  and valid selection of genetic variants when building the instrumental variable.
  We also provide details of the features of many existing methods, together with
  a comparison of their performance in a large series of simulations. CIV performs
  robustly across many different pleiotropic violations of the MR assumptions.
authors:
- family-names: Jiang
  given-names: Lai
  email: jianglai1987@gmail.com
repository: https://mrcieu.r-universe.dev
commit: 972613ed33bc61560a0972ef995c405e7f9c3118
contact:
- family-names: Jiang
  given-names: Lai
  email: jianglai1987@gmail.com